Massive ST Segment Elevation in Coronary Spasm

Report:

Sinus rhythm 93/min

Extensive acute anterior infarction

Comment:

The elevation settled rapidly and subsequent angiography documented normal coronary arteries. The most likely explanation is spasm, which may have caused near-drowning in the first place.

The ECG appearance, however, is that of “tombstones” from acute infarction. In some large anterior infarcts lead 2 shows ST elevation as well. After all, lead 2 is the sum of 1 and 3; large ST elevation in 1 will “pull” the segment up if depression in 3 is smaller.

Spasm is of course indistinguishable from thrombotic events electrocardiographically. In Figs 51c and 51d below, the appearances are similar to those in the preceding case, but the cause was a fixed proximal LAD obstruction in a 44 year old man. All the inferior leads show more conventional reciprocal ST segment depression.

A trace 5 hours later, with the patient ventilated in ICU for cardiogenic shock persisting after angiography, is shown on the back. Troponin levels rose to over 180 µ/L. He recovered but was left with marked LV dysfunction.

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